If you copy the whole HDD using tar / rsync, make sure not to copy /proc and /sys, prefer using options like -a and -numeric-ids, and make sure again you don't copy files in an inconsistent state. You don't want to copy a corrupted disk or a disk in the middle of a write. Unless you are the kind of person that enjoys playing with parted :) Also, make sure the disk you are copying is not mounted (or mounted read only) and sane ( fsck clean) before copying it. If you copy the whole HDD raw using dd to a new machine, the new machine needs to have a disk of similar size. Much of X config, however, is automatically detected in recent days. Again, if the hardware is different, it is unlikely that the old configuration will work. If the hardware where you copy your system to is different, initrd is different, and may not be able to boot.
With each kernel you generally end up creating an initrd, an image containing basic drivers that the kernel itself needs before it is able to boot your system. When you talk about copies, though, you need to be careful about a few things: IMHO, fresh install, a copy of the entire HDD (raw copy, dd style), or a copy of the whole file system (tar / rsync style) doesn't make much of a difference, neither in terms of stability nor performance.
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